2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Monoamine Oxidase

Monoamine Oxidase

MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

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Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. They belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases. Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently bound cofactor FAD and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins. Because of the vital role that MAOs play in the inactivation of neurotransmitters, MAO dysfunction is thought to be responsible for a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. MAO-A inhibitors act as antidepressant and antianxiety agents, whereas MAO-B inhibitors are used alone or in combination to treat Alzheimer’sand Parkinson’s diseases.

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N4246R
    Bacopaside I (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bacopaside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bacopaside I. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bacopaside I is an orally active aquaporin AQP1 inhibitor and PKC modulator with neuroprotective and anticancer activities. Bacopaside I specifically blocks the water channel and cGMP-gated ion channel activities of AQP1 without affecting AQP4, thereby inhibiting the migration of colon cancer cells expressing AQP1. Bacopaside I activates the Akt pathway by interacting with PI3K, specifically inhibits MAO-A, effectively alleviates neuron necrosis and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, reduces oxidative stress, and regulates the surface expression of neuroreceptors. When combined with Bacopaside II (HY-N6016), Bacopaside I significantly reduces the viability, proliferation and invasion ability of breast cancer cells, and binds to the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bacopaside I is applicable to the research of colon cancer, breast cancer, vascular dementia, cerebral ischemia and other related diseases.
    Bacopaside I (Standard)
  • HY-149527
    MAO-B-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-23 (Compound 11f) is a reversible and competitive MAO-B inhibitor (IC50: 1.44 μM, Ki: 0.51 μM).
    MAO-B-IN-23
  • HY-W008440S
    DL-Cycloserine-15N,d3
    		Modulator
    DL-Cycloserine-15N,d3 is the deuterium labeled DL-Cycloserine (HY-W008440). DL-Cycloserine is an orally active aminotransferase inhibitor. DL-Cycloserine exhibits completely opposite effects on the activity of monoamine oxidase in different tissues. DL-Cycloserine can be used for the research of pulmonary tuberculosis, psychosomatic diseases, and depressive states.
    DL-Cycloserine-<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B1111S
    Amitraz-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Amitraz-d6 (BTS-27419-d6) is the deuterium labeled Amitraz. Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide, with alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibition of monoamine oxidases and prostaglandin synthesis.
    Amitraz-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W207699
    MAO-B-IN-46
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-46 (Compound 16) is a selective hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50: 26.8 nM), with weak activity against hMAO-A (IC50: 7.2054 μM). MAO-B-IN-46 (Compound 8) also acts as an α-amylase inhibitor (IC50: 19.46 μM). MAO-B-IN-46 exhibits certain neuroprotective effects and shows no significant toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, MAO-B-IN-46 can scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, with IC50 values of 17.86 μM and 17.71 μM, respectively. MAO-B-IN-46 can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and diseases related to oxidative stress resistance.
    MAO-B-IN-46
  • HY-180114
    NSS-18
    		Inhibitor
    NSS-18 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, with IC50 values of 1.53 and 1.51 μM respectively. NSS-18 can inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. NSS-18 inhibits the intracellular generation of ROS induced by Aβ. NSS-18 shows a moderate neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced neurotoxicity. NSS-18 can form chelates with metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Zn²⁺, with the strongest chelation being with Cu²⁺. NSS-18 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    NSS-18
  • HY-123928
    Contilisant
    		Inhibitor
    Contilisant is a permeable antioxidant and neuroprotectant agent. Contilisant exhibits high nM affinity at H3R. Contilisant inhibits monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases. Contilisant has a binding affinity of 65.23 nM towards hS1R. Contilisant can significantly restore cognitive deficit induced by Aβ1-42 in the radial maze assay of Alzheimer’s animal model.
    Contilisant
  • HY-178352
    MAO-B-IN-49
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-49 is a selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 of 1 nM for human MAO-B). MAO-B-IN-49 shows much higher selectivity for MAO-B than for MAO-A (IC50 = 633.9 μM). MAO-B-IN-49 can reduce ROS production induced by Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) in HT22 cells. MAO-B-IN-49 demonstrates substantial neuroprotective properties and significantly improves motor dysfunction in MPTP (HY-W114750)-induced mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). MAO-B-IN-49 can be used for the study of PD.
    MAO-B-IN-49
  • HY-119395A
    Kynuramine dihydrobromide
    		Chemical
    Kynuramine dihydrobromide, an endogenously occurring amine, is a fluorescent substrate of plasma amine oxidase.
    Kynuramine dihydrobromide
  • HY-N18471
    5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
    		Ligand
    5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHP) is an autofluorescent (λex≈365 nm), selective neurotoxin and a transport substrate for MAO-A and 5-HT. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine can specifically target and damage central and peripheral 5-HTergic neurons, while affecting 5-HT-related pathways and neurotransmitter balance. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine can be used to establish 5-HTergic neuron injury models for studies on neural development, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as mechanisms related to platelet function and retinal neurons.
    5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
  • HY-173288
    MAO-B-IN-40
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-40 (3a), a MAOB inhibitor (IC50 = 0.493 μM for hMAOB), demonstrates robust neuroprotective and antioxidant effect. MAO-B-IN-40 (3a) can be used in the research of Parkinson’s disease.
    MAO-B-IN-40
  • HY-100679B
    (R)-Pirlindole mesylate
    		Inhibitor
    (R)-Pirlindole mesylate is selective and reversible a Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.43  μM for MAO-A over MAO-B. (R)-Pirlindole mesylate has an antidepressant activity. (R)-Pirlindole mesylate significantly decreases immobility time of the forced swim test and inhibits Reserpine (HY-N0480)-induced palpebral ptosis in behavioural mice models. (R)-Pirlindole mesylate can be used for depression research.
    (R)-Pirlindole mesylate
  • HY-106489
    Adafenoxate
    Adafenoxate is a nootropic agent. Adafenoxate can improve Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-impaired memory, exploratory behavior and physical capabilities. Adafenoxate can be used for the research of neurological disease.
    Adafenoxate
  • HY-158334
    NDs-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    (Neurodegenerative diseases) NDs-IN-1 (Compound 3g) inhibits the activities of key enzymes such as hBACE-1, hAChE and hMAO-B. NDs-IN-1 is a novel non-covalent multi-target inhibitor. NDs-IN-1 is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
    NDs-IN-1
  • HY-172460
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-5 is a multitarget inhibitor of cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and monoamine oxidase MAO-B with blood–brain barrier permeability. It exhibits IC50 values of 0.24 µM, 6.29 µM, and 0.11 µM against AChE, BChE, and MAO-B, respectively. AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-5 shows promise for research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-5
  • HY-157934
    MAO-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-IN-4 (Compound 2l) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.07 and 0.75 μM for MAO-A and MAO-B Enzymes, respectively. MAO-IN-4 can be used for the research of depression and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
    MAO-IN-4
  • HY-172101
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-7 (VAV-8) is a blood-brain permeable dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and MAO-B agent. AChE/MAO-B-IN-7 can also inhibit Aβ42 aggregation for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-7
  • HY-101440
    Indantadol
    		Inhibitor
    Indantadol (the free base of CHF-3381) is an orally active, non-selective NMDA antagonist and MAO inhibitor. Indantadol blocks the binding of [³H]-MK-801 to NMDA receptors in a non-competitive manner, with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. Indantadol completely inhibits dopamine release caused by NMDA. Indantadol protects neurons, with an ED₅₀ of 35 μM. Indantadol has anticonvulsant and anti-high pain hypersensitivity activities.
    Indantadol
  • HY-129479
    Almoxatone
    		Inhibitor
    Almoxatone is an orally effective, long-acting inhibitor of MAO-B.
    Almoxatone
  • HY-W008566R
    Norharmane (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Norharmane (Standard) is the analytical standard of Norharmane. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Norharmane (Norharman), a β-carboline alkaloid, is a potent and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6.5 and 4.7 μM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Norharmane causes antidepressant responses. Norharmane is also a prospective anti-cancer photosensitizer. Norharmane alters polar auxin transport (PAT) by inhibiting PIN2, PIN3 and PIN7 transport proteins, thus causing a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
    Norharmane (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison

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